Risk Management Plan for Outdoor Expeditions and Overnight Trips

Outing outline and portrayal This hazard the board plan will cover multi day excursion to Mount Whitney which is the most noteworthy highest point in the US with a rise of 14497 feet above ocean level. Whitney culmination is Among the Sierra Nevada most noteworthy pinnacles. The path will follow the ordinary Mount Whitney course which is viewed as less arduous to the summit.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Risk Management Plan for Outdoor Expeditions and Overnight Trips explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The start of the path will at Whitney Portal arranged 8360 feet. The expansion in height is around 6,100 feet. Trail separation is 11 miles from Whitney Portal to the highest point. Probably, the outing will take 4 days to finish. All the individuals from the gathering will take train, transport or trip to Lone Pine and afterward headed to Whitney Portal where the path will start. The remainder of the path will be walking covering in any eve nt six miles for each day. In any case, this will rely upon the separation between the campgrounds just as the day’s climate and different variables put into thought. The fundamental point of the path is to accomplish the significant goals of the path that incorporates wellbeing upgrade, entertainment and improve personal satisfaction. Different destinations are for the preservion of social legacy and normal assets, give instructive open doors just as lift the financial improvement of the area. The vast majority of the colleagues are between the ages of 25 and 45 with the group head being the most seasoned at 45 years old. The group of eight comprise four sets of couples. Every one of the colleagues has involvement with the mountain trails with larger part of the group having mountain climb abilities. The group chief is the most experienced having guided a large portion of the mountain trails in different pieces of the world, for example, Alps in Europe. Be that as it may, th e greater part of the gathering individuals are not new in the mountain trail.Advertising Looking for article on wellbeing medication? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Leadership The gathering Leaders will have basic obligations particularly in the administration of the group. The pioneer should guarantee that the group is sheltered, have pleasure, are completely drawn in and above all, instructively gain from the outings. Other than the gathering the board aptitudes, the group head will be required to have ownership of navigational and trailside upkeep abilities (Martin, 2006). Moreover, the path chiefs must have the capacities of surveying dangers and courses through which they can manage crises. The pioneer will likewise be required to give an option if there should arise an occurrence of any inevitability. The pioneer ought to be exceptionally experienced and is relied upon to give specialized counsel on climate changes, acclimatization levels, GPS headings and wellbeing conditions and dangers just as other specialized issues that might be experienced while on the field (Cook, 2007). The camp teachers should give any help just as giving bearings. Additionally, the educators have the obligation of guaranteeing that the groups are sheltered and secure. Outing Itineraries Day Distance (Miles) Location Time Activity 1 0 Whitney Portal 5.00 am Wake up time 5.00 †5. 30 am Readiness practice 5.30 †6.15 am Preparations including individual cleanliness, filling rucksacks, guaranteeing everything are set up. 6.15 †7.00 am breakfast 7.10 †12.00 pm Set off time, climbing up 2.8 Lone Pine lake 12.00 †1.00 pm Lunch 1.00 †3.00 pm Resuming the rising, climbing up trail 3.8 Outpost Camp 3.00 †7.00 pm Camp appearance, doing outdoors related exercises, singular wellbeing check and all other individual related exercises 7.00 †9.00 pm Dining having some good times and so on 9.00p m Bed time 2 3.8 Outpost Camp 5.00 am Wake up time 5.00 †5. 30 am Readiness practice 5.30 †6.15 am Preparations including individual cleanliness, topping off rucksacks, guaranteeing everything are set up. 6.15 †7.00 am breakfast 7.10 †12.00 pm Set off time, climbing up 6 Trail camp 12.00 †1.00 pm Lunch 1.00 †3.00 pm Resuming the rising, climbing up trail 8.2 Trail peak camp 3.00 †7.00 pm Camp appearance, doing outdoors related exercises, singular wellbeing check and all other individual related exercises 7.00 †9.00 pm Dining having a great time and so forth 9.00pm Bed time 3 8.2 Trail peak camp 5.00 am Wake up time 5.00 †5. 30 am Readiness practice 5.30 †6.15 am Preparations including individual cleanliness, topping off knapsacks, guaranteeing everything are set up. 6.15 †7.00 am breakfast 7.10 †10.00 am Set off time, climbing up 11 Mt Whitney highest point 10.00-10.30 am Taking photographs, taking estimations, taking recor ds GPS, Descent 10.30-12.30 pm Descending the path 13.8 Trail peak camp 12.30 †1.30 pm Lunch 1.30 †4.00 pm Descent 16 Trail camp 4.00 †7.30 pm Camp appearance, doing outdoors related exercises, singular wellbeing check and all other individual related exercises 7.30 †9.00 pm Dining having some good times and so forth 9.00 pm Bed time 4 16 Trail camp 6.00 am Wake up time 6.00 †6.45am Preparations including individual cleanliness, topping off rucksacks, guaranteeing everything are set up. 6.45 †7.30am breakfast 19.2 Lone Pine lake 7.30 †12.00pm Descent landing in Lone Pine Lake 12.00 â€12.45pm Lunch 22 Whitney entryway 12.45 †2.45 pm Descent, landing in Whitney gateway 4.00 onwards Writing report, assessment resting, getting ready for the next day flight Equipment coming up next are the essential types of gear or apparatus that will be required on the path. These kinds of hardware are required particularly during the normal summer conditions. Be that as it may, during winter exceptional rigging might be required, for example, the ice hatchet, snow protective cap, crampons and snow shoes (Connally, 2004). In any case, since this path is arranged during normal summer conditions, these winter types of gear won't be important. What is imperative to recall is that all the types of gear will be conveyed for the whole 22 miles full circle venture. In this way, they ought to be kept as light as could be expected under the circumstances (Goldenberg Martin, 2007). The hardware that will required includes:Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Risk Management Plan for Outdoor Expeditions and Overnight Trips explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Backpacks at any rate with a limit of about 30lt and can easily convey all the voyaging gear, food, water and additional garments Hydration framework with at any rate 2lt of water Headlamp generally the essential LED light with top notch lithium batteries. Beg inning the climb with another pair is better and it is a smart thought to have an additional set. The guide †the best guide is Tom Harrison Mt. Whitney Zone. Each colleague ought to have its own guide print outs and additional consideration ought to be taken to forestall any defilement with dampness. It is additionally significant that the colleagues acquaint themselves with the guide taking mindful of significant pints or halting regions along the path before setting out for the path. The maps are basic particularly when the perceivability is diminished to a couple of meters when the mists move in. The GPS route or compass. These are fundamental when the climate goes to be exceptionally awful. It is likewise critical to have lithium batteries for the GPS. The utilization of these types of gear are fundamental for all the colleagues and ought to be gotten the hang of during the earlier path trainings The First Aid Kit conveying bandages, tape, anti-inflamatory medicine, mole sk in, ibuprofen, antihistamine, rankle salve, versatile water iodine tablets Reflective cover which can be utilized as a crisis cover. The cover ought to be light Fire starter or water evidence matches. Despite the fact that they are once in a while required they can in any case be helpful during crises. Little blade which ought to be basic and littler. Most likely it ought to be 51 piece multi-device. Trekking shafts that will be essential in sparing the knees and in additional adjusting on precarious landscape just as stream crossing Clothing gear that incorporates under love fighter brief and bra for ladies, Patagonia Capilene Crew Top, North Face Paramount Convertible Pants, Smart fleece climbing socks, water confirmation climbing boots especially the Merrell Outland Mid boots and the Outdoor Research Sun Runner Cap. Additional dress that incorporates light weight power dry long sleeve shirt, full zip downy coat, downpour coat, full zip downpour pants, dark precious stone breeze w eight liner gloves, wind break beanie additional pair shrewd fleece climbing socks and shades Other additional items may incorporate sunscreen, lip medicine, tissue, sway pack and wrist watches. Water sources Water is fundamental during the climb especially to remain hydrated while adapting. Different variables that run from natural to physical body needs decide the amount of water one ought to have at a specific time. In normal, around 3 to 6 liters of water is required per individual to remain hydrated during acclimation. Added substances, for example, electrolyte drink blend and Gatorade can likewise be added to water or utilized along the path to keep hydrated. Fortunately, unadulterated water will be found in numerous spots along the path and it is fundamental to top off or top up the water before proceeding onward. The lakes along the path are loaded up with streams that have clean water that can be utilized moving along without any more filtration. There will be no compelling reason to convey multiple liters whenever. It is prudent to convey the perfect measure of water else it will be an additional heap in the rucksack. Much idea may be on the most proficient method to convey water. Water bottles are the best water compartment to use in this path. In spite of the fact that the majority of the water focuses are new and thought about unadulterated, the individuals who can’t ta

Do Video Games Promote Violence Essay

There is a lot of promotion encompassing the dispatch of each new game framework including Game Cube, XBox, Playstation 3 and the entirety of their handheld convenient reciprocals. Influencing a wide range of individuals from youngsters as youthful as age 4 right to multi year-old grown-ups, these computer games have called for worry in our general public seeing issues, for example, enslavement, misery, and even animosity identified with the playing of computer games. An ongoing investigation of youngsters in their initial teenagers found that very nearly a third played computer games day by day, and that 7% played for at any rate 30 hours every week. Likewise, a portion of these games being played like Mortal Combat, Marvel Vs. Capcom, and Doom are extremely intuitive in the savagery of butchering the adversary. The computer game ventures even put signs like â€Å"Real-life violence† and â€Å"Violence level †not suggested for kids under time of 12† on their crate covers, arcade fronts, and even on the game CDs themselves. As per the online reference book, Wikipedia, the Truth in Video Game Rating Act (S. 3935) was presented by Senator Sam Brownback on September 27, 2006. The demonstration necessitated that the Entertainment Software Rating Board, known as the ESRB for short, approach the full substance of and hands-on time with the games it was to rate, as opposed to just depending on the video exhibitions put together by engineers and distributers. [1] The bill makes no contemplations for adjustments or mods for short, all out changes, client created content, procedurally produced content, unused circle space, blocked/crippled out segments of code, player conduct in internet games, and different factors out of the control of the engineers, (for example, how the player chooses to play the inferred game). This bill was unacted after during its unique meeting and was reintroduced by Senator Brownback on February 14 2007 under a similar title â€Å"the Truth in Video Game Rating Act† with another meeting number (S. 568). As of March 2007, S. 568 stays in the Senate Committee. [2] In the game Goldeneye 007 trouble makers who used to vanish in a haze of smoke when executed do not do anymore so. Rather they play out an intricate move when executed. For instance, those shot in the neck tumble to their knees and afterward face while grasping at their throats. Different games, for example, Unreal Tournament and Half-Life are gorier. In these games when characters get shot an enormous shower of blood covers the dividers and floor close to the character, and on the events when explosives are utilized, the characters burst into little however conspicuous body parts. Disregarding the viciousness, the rough computer games are additionally the more mainstream games available. (2) When computer games initially came out, without a doubt they were addictive†¦ owever, there is by all accounts a solid relationship now between the rough idea of games nowadays and the forceful propensities in game players. On April 20, 1999, Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold propelled an ambush on Columbine High School in Littleton, Colorado, killing 13 and injuring 23 preceding turning the weapons on themselves. Albeit nothing is for sure with respect to why these young men did what they did, we do realize that Harris and Klebold both appreciated playing the bleeding, shoot-’em-up computer game Doom, a game authorized by the U. S. military to prepare fighters to viably execute. The Simon Wiesenthal Center, which tracks Internet loathe gatherings, found in its files a duplicate of Harris’ site with a form of Doom. He had tweaked it so that there were two shooters, each with additional weapons and boundless ammo, and the others in the game couldn't retaliate. For a class undertaking, Harris and Klebold made a tape that was like their redid variant of Doom. In the video, Harris and Klebold were wearing channel coats, conveyed firearms, and executed school competitors. They showcased their recorded presentation, all things considered, not exactly a year later†¦ (3) Everyone manages pressure and dissatisfactions in an unexpected way. Anyway when move is made upon the dissatisfaction and stress, and the move is made out of resentment and animosity, the outcomes might be destructive to both the attacker and the individual being aggressed against, intellectually, inwardly, and even genuinely. Hostility is activity, I. e. assaulting somebody or a gathering with a purpose to hurt somebody. It tends to be a verbal attackâ€insults, dangers, mockery, or ascribing dreadful intentions to themâ€or a physical discipline or limitation. Direct conduct signs incorporate being excessively basic, deficiency discovering, ridiculing, blaming somebody for having improper or abhorrent attributes or thought processes, pestering, whimpering, mockery, partiality, as well as flashes of temper. The wrongdoing and misuse rate in the United States has taken off in the previous decade. An ever increasing number of kids experience the ill effects of and are being treated for outrage the board than any time in recent memory. Presently, one can’t help yet to think about whether these brutal computer games are in any event, having a slight impact in the present measurements. Playing savage computer games like Doom, Wolfenstein 3D or Mortal Kombat can build a person’s forceful contemplations, emotions and conduct both in research center settings and in genuine life, as per two investigations showing up in the April issue of the American Psychological Association’s (APA) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. Moreover, rough computer games might be more unsafe than brutal TV and motion pictures since they are intuitive, engaging and require the player to relate to the assailant, state the scientists. â€Å"One study uncovers that youngsters who are constantly forceful might be particularly powerless against the animosity upgrading impacts of rehashed presentation to fierce games,† said therapists Craig A. Anderson, Ph. D. , and Karen E. Dill, Ph. D. â€Å"The other investigation uncovers that even a concise presentation to fierce computer games can briefly increment forceful conduct in a wide range of members. â€Å"

Education Open House A Huge Success!

Education Open House A Huge Success! Photo by Rachel Hernandez A few weeks back, I wrote about an upcoming even at the universitys College of Education. I was also given the opportunity to run the Illinois Snapchat (uofillinois) for the event, so I got a firsthand experience. And today was the day! Overall, the event was geared toward prospective students and families, and it was a great success! The event began with a casual sign-in, where students and parents had the opportunity to converse with various faculty members. Then, they ate lunch with current students, faculty, and alumni. A series of informative presentations followed the lunch, and students were given the chance to ask current students questions, as well. Photo by Rachel Hernandez At 2:00, students were given the option of attending various different events for the next few hours. Personally, I attended an Education 101 lecture class. The prospective students gave incredible feedback and said that this was an extremely beneficial experience for them. At the end of the event, everyone regrouped for a casual QA with coffee and cookies (who doesnt love cookies?). Students, again, got to ask students and staff open-ended or specific questions. Overall, the event was practical, informative, and entertaining for all! If you still have questions or would like to learn more, go to education.illinois.edu. Photo by Rachel Hernandez Rachel Class of 2020 I am studying Middle Grades Education with concentrations in Social Sciences and Literacy in the College of Education. Although I now reside in Champaign, I am originally from Vernon Hills, a Northwest suburb of Chicago.

Marketing Principles Assignment - 3951 Words

MARKETING PRINCIPLES ASSIGNMENT Introduction Part one of the assignment is to discus the macro environmental forces and key trends in personal computer and snack foods industries. Macro environment consists of six larger societal factors that affect the micro environment. The forces are demographic environment, economic, natural environment, technological environment, political environment and cultural environment. In part two of the assignment has three research situations. Each of the situations will be discussed that what type of data collection method is suitable for it, the reasons for choice and the potential problems. There are three methods of collecting information, mail questionnaires, personal interview and†¦show more content†¦Includes years 7-15 schools and years 9-15 schools with attached intermediates Internal Data Source: SAS Summary Part 12ai (http://www.minedu.govt.nz/index.cfm?layout=documentdocumentid=6845indexid=6848indexparentid=5611) -Growing ethnic diversity (http://www.stats.govt.nz/domino/external/web/nzstories.nsf/Response/Ethnic+diversity) Economic Environment It consists of factors that affect consumer purchasing power and spending patterns. -Changes in income Follow by the increasing income, people may change computers more frequently and buying better quality computers, such as IBM computers. For example, previous time consumers may alter their computers every 7 years, since their income getting higher, they may vary their computer every 5 years. 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Teens The Causes And Effects Of Teen Stress - 1309 Words

Every year, because of stress from exams, 40 students kill themselves (Singh). A 15 year-old student in India hung herself in her room, the day before an exam and left a note which tells how she ended her life because she was â€Å"... unable to secure first rank in examination†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Correspondent). This is one of the examples of how stress causes many health problems in teens from being overworked in school and too many responsibilities at home. Most teens today feel the pressure from juggling schoolwork, college applications, a job, and personal time. This matters because as a young teen many feel overwhelming pressure and develop health issues during this time. Teens stress level should be taken seriously because stress can reduce physical and†¦show more content†¦This proves stress can lead to skipping meals and overeating which is harmful to the body. Stress is leading to abnormal eating habits which can damage the body and that is bad for physical health. 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A Comparison of Greek and Norse Mythology Essay - 1770 Words

Hundreds of years ago people did not have the technology to explain different forces of nature. They created gods, each with separate powers, to rule their domains. Some of the gods were merciful, some were wicked, and others were merely servants of more powerful gods. Looking at the gods, it is easy to tell what the civilization most valued. I am going to look at the Greek and the Norse gods to compare what was most important to their societies. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Both cultures had a king of the gods. In Greek mythology there is no god who is more powerful than Zeus. He is the youngest son of Cronus and Rhea, ruler of the Titans. Cronus was told that one of his children would overthrow him, taking control of his kingdom. To†¦show more content†¦Odin only has one eye; it blazes like the sun. He gave his other eye for a drink from the Well of Wisdom. Odin has a spear, Gungnir, that never misses its target. He owns an eight-legged horse, Sleipnir, two wolves, Geri and Freki, and two raven, Huginn and Muninn. Wednesday is named after him (pantheon/odin). nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The main similarity between these two is that they are the king of the gods. Another is that they both value wisdom. Zeus is more focused on law, Odin’s focus is on war. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Hades is one of the brothers of Zeus. He is the unlucky one who got to rule the underworld. He is cruel and unforgiving. Only two have ever gone to Hades domain and returned, Hercules and Odysseus. Hades fell in love with Zeus’s daughter and devised a plan to abduct her. With Zeus’s help they succeeded in the capture of Persephone. Her mother Demeter was so enraged she cursed the Earth. She continued the curse even after she was released. It was only after her mother Rhea was allowed to see her that she let the Earth prosper (message). nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In Norse mythology, Hel is know as the queen goddess of the underworld. She was raised on Asgard but later she was given the underworld to rule. She decides the fate of those who die, the ones who die in battle are allowed to go to Valhalla, and all others go to Hel’s domain. She was born with her skeleton on the outside of her body. She was said to be born half black and halfShow MoreRelatedNores vs. Greek Essay5576 Words   |  23 PagesNores vs. Greek Greek mythology and Roman mythology are almost identical. This is an accepted fact, as it is widely known that the Romans stole the Greek myths. However, it is very interesting to note that the mythology of the Vikings (Norse) has many similarities with the Greek myths. These myths are, by no means, identical to the Greek ones (like the Roman ones are), but there are very distinct commonalities between the two. 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Women in Sons and Lovers free essay sample

Sons and Lovers, published in 1913, is D. H. Lawrences third novel. It was his first successful novel and arguably his most popular. Many of the details of the novels plot are based on Lawrences own life and, unlike his subsequent novels, this one is relatively straightforward in its descriptions and action. D. H. Lawrence has been always criticized for the content of his novel and his characters. Sons and Lovers is another novel which was even banned for years because of its explicit indications to sexual intercourse and the complex and complicated relationship of mother and sons. Society has a certain code fixed for a mother but Lawrence attempted to portray the mother figure in a quite different way. In fact, Lawrence puts question that to what extent a mother should care for her children and shows what happens if a mother becomes wife-submissive through the character of Gertrude Morel who is also known as Mrs. Morel. This paper would attempt to explore the character of Mrs. Morel through the feminist point of view. Before discussing Mrs. Morel’s character through the magnifying glass of feminism, it is needed to focus what does feminism means and what does the feminist criticism deal with. The most straightforward definition of feminism says that is a movement for social, cultural, political and economic equality of men and women. It is a campaign against gender inequalities and it strives for equal rights for women. Feminism can be also defined as the right to enough information available to every single woman so that she can make a choice to live a life which is not discriminatory and which works within the principles of social, cultural, political and economic equality and independence. It is in fact a global struggle for gender equality and end of gender based discriminatory practices against women. Feminism is also related to men in the sense that all gender based equality is in fact a balance between the male and female with the intention of liberating the individual. In that sense the definition of feminism also includes all movements and campaigns that target men and boys for gender sensitization with a goal to end gender based discriminatory practices and achieve gender based equality. Feminist literary criticism is the critical analysis of literary works ased on the feminist perspective. In particular, feminist literary critics tend to reject the patriarchal norms of literature that privileges masculine ways of thinking/points of view and marginalizes women politically, economically and psychologically. Some critics find that feminist criticism makes space for and listens to womens voices previously muted or drowned out by dominant patriarchal literary-critic al practices. In other words, what the text leaves out says much about the writer, literature in general, and society as a whole. By using this hermeneutics of suspicion literary critics hope to reveal how women are marginalized in the language of literature. Now, in Sons and Lovers, Mrs. Morel is portrayed as the victim of the patriarchal society and the stones in Paul’s life road to success, to some extent. This paper would try to avoid the normal literary criticism to Sons and Lovers, and rather would focus on the analysis of the three tragic women through feminine position, and specially would explore how Lawrence has portrayed Mrs. Morel with all the issues of female essence (differance). Mrs. Morel, who came from a little capitalist class, aloof and cultured, is a woman of knowledge of a Victorian woman but her character can be read from Marxist-Feminist point of view. From very young, she has been struggling against patriarch, fighting for her existence and for women’s rights, longing to become an authoritative, independent and responsible man. As the England industrial atmosphere came, in the man-centered family, her husband treated her sadistically, Mrs. Morel naturally constitute an alliance with her sons to live, she taught them to change their social position and entered the middleclass, through knowledge and will, the children became Mrs. Morel’s tools to make her dream and ambition come true. But all these just paint deep tragic color to Mrs. Morel. Because Mrs. Morel chose the rood to setting up a union with her son to become hermaphrodite didn’t come true. She put her children in her bosom, cast her own dream and life outlook on her children, hoped to fill in her emotion empty because she is a wife-submissive. Although this abnormal maternal lieu helped her sons become outstanding, hold back free growth of individuality, cause their thought variant and their personality split. Mrs. Morel’s existence is the only support to Paul’s life road to become an artist. Through loving his mother, Paul tried to find man’s rights even in sleep. She should be responsible for this abnormal love, no matter what position she held in her sons’ growth, she got only the colored utilizable repay, she didn’t fulfill her emotion’s need, and this is her very most tragic thing. But this is just a simple summary of the whole novel and there are more left for discussion. D. H. Lawrence believed in male supremacy and that is why he wrote that â€Å"as a matter of fact unless a woman is held by man, safe within the bounds of belief, she becomes inevitably a destructive force†. Simone de Beauvoir terms this attitude â€Å"bourgeois conception† and states that Lawrence rediscovers this conception that woman should subordinate her existence to that of man. Thus, Lawrence can be regarded as an anti-feminist. An anti-feminist writing is not only satirical in tone but it represents women nature intended to conform her to male expectations and tries to decide what she ought to be and what is not her own. Mrs. Morel is presented by Lawrence as a proud woman as she came from an old burgher family and that made her pay higher rent to the landlord which is a way of showing off superiority over other miners’ families. Lawrence defines it as â€Å"a kind of aristocracy†. Mrs. Morel did not take Walter’s earnings into account while they got married but after the marriage it became a huge issue for her. She could not accept it that her husband was not a gentleman rather he is a miner and ultimately, this became the reason of failure of their marriage life. Though she married Walter knowingly that he earns a little but after a certain period of time, she started hating her husband for being a miner and for not having a respected job. In the first half, Mrs. Morel is shown with sympathy to be the victim of a brutal husband and of an economic system that oppresses her. Later she becomes the over-possessive mother shifting her growing children and thwarting their natural development towards the independence of adulthood. It can be said that Mrs. Morel became too much authoritative because of her ‘penis envy’. She knew that though she came from a burgher family, still she is bound to obey Mr. Morel as he is the head of the family according to the patriarchal society. Apart from the issue of penis envy, Lawrence presented the relationship between man and series of female stereotypes. The mother’s disappointment with the father leads to the transfer of her deepest feelings from him to her offspring and particularly, the male offspring, whom, unconsciously she begins to treat as substitutes for her husband. The mother who has poured her love into her son instead of giving it to her husband does seem, in Lawrence’s own cherished meaning of the phrase, ‘wife-submissive’. But at the same time, that phrase is a give-away. It sounds an old familiar note. Here is the mother being wife-submissive to her son, says the exasperated voice of Lawrence, when she ought to be preciously that to her husband – a simple case of misdirected energy. It has not been simply misdirected, but distorted as well. The woman does not feel now, for the first time, as a true wife might feel, nor does the son find her love quite so wonderful as all that. Sexual frustration inevitably follows, and this is excellently diagnosed in Sons and Lovers. His mother is far closer to him; she clings to him jealously, fighting against the younger woman’s power, and succeeding in holding the pair apart. Paul wants to marry Miriam but Mrs. Morel resists because she wants Paul â€Å"to marry a lady†. Apart from Paul, she also does the same thing for William. She wants William to be a gentleman unlike his father. Her possessiveness becomes clearer when a girl comes to meet William and Mrs. Morel replies â€Å"I don’t approve of the girls my son meets at dances. † In this novel, D. H. Lawrence has portrayed women, Specially Mrs. Morel with all he weaknesses (female essence) like nagging, orienting the children against their father, making the sons as husband-substitute, showy in nature and being over-possessive. Paul partly disassociated himself from the crude gender distinction he is voicing, although he still endorses the idea that women are by nature unfitted to full-time work. So, Lawrence reveals Paul’s opinion of women’s inferior capacity for work. After all these discussions, it seems quite clear that Mrs. Morel is the victim of one man and therefore can only live out her life vicariously through the progress made by her sons. Miriam also feels victimized by the men in her family and looks to Paul to help her escape from her servitude. Same thing goes for Clara. All of them, especially Mrs. Morel, are defined by men as their â€Å"Other† and thus, marginalized textually as well as socially and sexually.

The U.S. Toy industry

Nature of the Toy Industry in America The THE U.S. Toy industry encompasses the world largest producer and manufacturer of children entertainment products. According to 2011 financial reports, the global toy Industry generated revenue of $ 78 billion. The U.S toy industry contributed $21.18 billion to this amount, which marks a 2% decline from $21.68 generated in 2010 (The NPD Group, 2011).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The U.S. Toy industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This industry can be divided into the two categories of traditional toys and video games (Bryson, Rusten, 2011). According to the NPD tallies for 2011, video games accounted for $ 5,046,000 of the 21.18 billion generated by the toy industry. The major video games products manufactured by the Toy industry include PS2, Xbox, GC, Xbox360, Wii, PS3, DC, N64, PSI and Satum. The traditional toys manufacturing companies generate the largest perc entage of the revenue generated by the Toy industry because it offers a variety of products (Bryson, Rusten, 2011). These products encompass building sets, action figures /accessories, dolls, games and puzzles, infants and preschools toys, outdoor and sports toys, plush, vehicles, youth electronics, arts and craft, pretend play, trading cards and other different toys. 75% of the toy industry revenue in THE U.S. is generated by the top 50 toy companies. The United States Toys Industry Market Segmentation in terms of % share in 2011Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The estimated toy sales trends ascertain the fact that toy sales have been increasing and decreasing depending on the seasonality of the industry. In 2006, the toy industry generated $22.3 billion, which declined to $22.2 billion in 2007. In 2008, the revenue increased to $21.65. This culminated into $21. 47 in 20 09 that marked a decline from the revenue generated in 2008 (The NPD Group, 2011). In 2010 the revenue increased to $21.87, but later decline to $21.18 in 2011. The expected compound annual growth rate of revenues in the toy industry for the next five years encompasses 0.1 % from 2011 to 2016. In this case, the revenue generated by 2016 is estimated as 22.095.8 (The NPD Group, 2011).From this sales trend, it can be ascertained that the sales trends keep increasing and decreasing depending on the seasonal nature of the toy industry. The United States Toys Market Value in $billions from 2007 to 2011 The current operational/ management trends in the toy industry encompass diversity in the types of toy products manufactured, reduction in the need for free-form play toys due to the reduction of time for role-play which calls for increased production of video games, acquisition of small toy companies by the large companies, radical changes in the number of diversified retail and independ ent chains, impacts of changes in technology that culminate into the innovation of newer toy products as well as changes in the business matters, sales, legal, ethical and trade imbalances in the toy industry (Auerbach, 2004). The major marketing avenues utilized by companies in the Toy industry encompass television, magazines, Radio, newspapers, in-store displays, sweepstakes, use of brand name toys, trade show that used in forecasting industry sales, and acquisition of feedback by manufacturers from the retailers as well as the combined effort between the toy producing company and other companies that offer complementary products (Little $ King Company, LLC, 2010).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The U.S. Toy industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Other marketing strategies utilized by toy producing companies encompass company websites, post-launch reviews, print reviews, pre-launch reviews, special-in sto re promotions, as well as advertising in genre-specific toy magazines (Little $ King Company, LLC, 2010). Essentially, large toy companies utilize licensing as a major marketing strategy, because it accords them with leverage in the competitive toy industry. As an addition to the above marketing strategies, many companies have ventured into the Internet-based retail services that enhance the purchase of toys by customers from the manufacturers rather that going through retailers (Little $ King Company, LLC, 2010). The toy industry is identified as a seasonal industry. This is because major toy sales are done in the late third and fourth quarters of a year, due to the increase in demand for toys during the winter season. This seasonality definitely affects sales greatly. Early-buy programs are offered by large toy companies to reduce the number of products over demand (Little $ King Company, LLC, 2010). During the period that spans over the quarters in which limited revenue is genera ted, such large companies capitalize on the promotion and sale of such non-holiday toys as sports and educational related toys. To some extent the toy industry is sensitive to economic fluctuations. This is because as personal income increases, the retail sales for toys increase (Little $ King Company, LLC, 2010). A 1.6% increase in personal income in 2009 culminated into a 3.8% increase in retail toy sales in the same year. Essentially, the toy retail sector is usually more resilient as compared to other companies during a recession, but it encompasses the first industry to recover after a recession. Industry Developments The competition that the Toy Industry has been undergoing from such electronic gadgets as iPods in the ever changing entertainment world has culminated to the development of the industry through various innovations. Green innovations span through the various green initiatives exhibited during the JAR Toy Fair.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Such green initiatives as the Erath Friendly Product Zone encompass the major contributions to the green initiatives (Bryson, Rusten, 2011). A good example of this encompasses the Design4Planet program introduced by LEGO, aimed at establishing sustainable product designs that are environment friendly. Various electronic items and video games have been introduced as innovations that can compete with the various electronic gadgets introduced through technological development in the modern world. This is a move that should stir traditional toy industries to think of how they can keep with the competition. Such products of the toy Industry can compete effectively as compared to the traditional toys. Under product innovation, theme based toys and embedded technology has been introduced into the developing toy industry. Under embedded technology, such toys as programmable cars and robotic dog have been introduced. Some companies have ventured into the production of toys based on children stories to increase their sales. Essentially, the toy industry has developed continually by embracing on-line sales of various toy products. The International Council of Toy Industries (ICTI) has always been committed to the promotion of toy safety as one of the major government regulation governing the THE U.S. toy industry while working with standard bodies to improve the safety requirements when producing toys. (International Council of Toy Industries, 2010). In this case, they ensure that toys are produced for particular children categories and they do not pose any risks or accidents to such particular categories. New toys should also be fitted with safety devices that can withstand tear and wear as they enhance the safety of the users. Essentially, as part of the government regulations, the toys producing companies possess the social responsibility of ensuring that all employees engaged in the production of toys, are accorded with favorable working conditions (International Co uncil of Toy Industries, 2011). ICTI organizes annual trade shows in which qualifying companies from all over the world are allowed to exhibit new products. These exhibits are however subjected to various government regulations in terms of exhibit regulations as well as attendance qualifications (International Council of Toy Industries, 2011). Traffic and non-tariff trade barriers exist in the international trade industry. Such are however regulated through various government regulations that ensure unfair trade practices are eliminated from the developing international toy industry. In terms of the consumer market data, 28.2% of the Global market value can be accounted to THE U.S., while 27.8% can be accounted to Europe Global Consumer market value segmentation In terms of consumer market distribution, the leading distributers of toys in the consumer market encompass specialist stores, Hypermarkets, Supermarkets, discounters, department’s stores, general retails as well as other distributors (Bryson Rusten, 2011). 30.7% of the distribution can be attributed to the Hypermarkets, Supermarkets and discounters. Specialist stores account for 52.8%, general retailers account for 6.8%, department stores account for 5.25 while other distributors account for 4.6% as shown by the pie chart below Segmentation of the Toy Distributors in the Consumer Market Competitor Information The modern Toy Industry in THE U.S. is dominated by such leaders as Mattel, Hasbro and JAKKS Pacific. Mattel encompasses the largest toy producing company In America in terms of revenue. Essentially, it encompasses the largest toy manufacturer in the world. In 2010, the company generated $6 billion in net sales and $ 700 million in net income. Mattel produces Barbie dolls, master of the universe, board games, Fisher Price, Hot Wheels, American Girl Dolls and Matchbox toys. Its headquarters are situated in El Segundo, California (Bryson Rusten, 2011). 49% of its Gross sales is accounted for by the company’s international revenue that originates from Europe, Asia and Latin America (Bryson Rusten, 2011). The company was established in 1945, but begun its first Barbie product line in 1959. It gained its fame in the 1960s through its talking dolls production. In 2002, the company closed shop in Africa and transferred its business through outsourcing to China. Hasbro encompasses the second leading toy company In THE U.S. that is engaged in the manufacture of card games, educations games, boards games and other family games. It recorded $4 billion in net sales and $ 400 million net income in 2010. Its headquarters are situated in Pawtucket, Rhode Island, but the major percentage of its products is produced in East Asia (Bryson Rusten, 2011). Its first toy was produced in 1940’s inform of nurse and doctor kits, the company’s first toy that gained popularity in the toy market encompasses Mr. Potato Head that was produced in 1952. Their first action figure, G.I Joe was produced in 1964 and the company’s name was shorted from Hassenfeld Brothers to Hasbro industries in 1968. Currently it encompasses a parent company to various subsidiaries. Apart from the manufacturing facilities owned and operated in Asia, the company operates two manufacturing facilities in East Longmeadow, Massachusetts and Waterford, Ireland. JAKKS Pacific encompasses the third largest toy manufacturing company in THE U.S. whose revenue is generated from the production of toy cars, video games, dolls and action figures (Bryson Rusten, 2011). In 2010, it recorded $ 750 million in net sales and $50 million net income. It was established in 1995 in Malibu California and started to acquire small toy companies up to 2008. It has managed to acquire the third position in the toy market through licensing agreements, strategic acquisitions as well as product development. Competition in the Toy Industry cannot only be limited to the large businesses in the ind ustry; it also spans the competition from other toy producing companies in the world. THE U.S. imports most of its toys from China (Bryson Rusten, 2011). In this case, the American Toy producing companies encounter considerable competition from the Chinese Toy Producing companies. This competition is something to awaken the traditional toy companies, especially the THE U.S. based companies which are facing still competition in the current market. In 2008, the U.S consumption of toys amounted to $24 billion. 85% of this consumption was met by the Chinese toy producing companies. This consumption reduced to $22 billion in 2010, but the percentage met by the Chinese toy companies did not reduce. From the two exhibits below, it can be concluded that though China encompasses the major competitor of the United States toy industry, the Topy Producing companies in U.S still encounter surmountable competition from Toy manufacturing companies in Japan, Mexico, Taiwan, Indonesia, Denmark, Can ada, Hong Kong, Thailand and Germany. U.S Toy Imports vs. Apparent Consumption and Toy Imports from China Top US Import Sources Summary of the Analysis The comprehensive industry analysis of the THE U.S. toy industry has been divided into nature of the industry, industry development and competitor information. Under the nature of the industry, the estimate size of the industry encompasses $78 billion revenue generation by the international Toy industry of which $21.18 can be attributed to the U.S toy industry. In terms of sales trends, sales have been on the decrease from 2007 to 2011 but an estimated 0.1% increase is expected to be attained by 2016. Such operational/management trends as the acquisition of small toy companies can be attributed to the nature of the toy industry. Various marketing strategies that include Internet-based retail services can be attributed to the nature of the industry. The toy Industry in American encompasses a seasonal industry that is affected by var ious economic fluctuations. In terms of industry development, the industry has undergone various innovations and government regulations ion its development course. Essentially, the consumer market data provided ascertains that U.S accounts the highest consumer market value in the international toy industry. Inherently, specialized stores encompass the highest toy distributors in the consumer market. Competitor information ascertains the major businesses in the U.S toy industries include Mattel, Hasbro and JAKKS Pacific. Though Mattel is identified as the largest toy producer in U.S, it is also identified as the largest toy manufacturer in the world. Though these companies pose considerable competition to other toy [producing companies in U.S, toy producing companies from china, Japan, Mexico, Taiwan, Indonesia, Denmark, Canada, Hong Kong, Thailand and Germany also pose surmountable competition. References Auerbach, S. (2004). Toy industry: Past, present and future. The Big Game Hunt er. Web. Bryson, J., R. Rusten, G. (2011). Design economies and the changing world economy: innovation, production and competitiveness. New York, NY: Taylor Francis. International Council of Toy Industries. (2011). Industry information. Web. Little $ King Company, LLC. (2010). The transformational toy manufacturing industry. Web. The NPD Group. (2011). THE U.S. toy industry retail sales generated $21.18 billion in 2011. Web. This report on The U.S. Toy industry was written and submitted by user Juan S. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Gerrymandering - Definition and Examples in Politics

Gerrymandering s in Politics Gerrymandering is the act of drawing congressional, state legislative or other political boundaries to favor a political party or one particular candidate for elected office. The purpose of gerrymandering is to grant one party power over another by creating districts that hold dense concentrations of voters who are favorable to their policies. Impact The physical impact of gerrymandering can be seen on any map of congressional districts. Many boundaries zig and zag east and west, north and south across city, township and county lines as if for no reason at all. But the political impact is much more significant. Gerrymandering reduces the number of competitive congressional races across the United States by segregating like-minded voters from each other. Gerrymandering has become common in American politics and is often blamed for the gridlock in Congress, polarization of the electorate and disenfranchisement among voters. President Barack Obama, speaking in his final State of the Union address in 2016, called on both the Republican and Democratic parties to end the practice. â€Å"If we want a better politics, it’s not enough just to change a congressman or change a senator or even change a president. We have to change the system to reflect our better selves. I think weve got to end the practice of drawing our congressional districts so that politicians can pick their voters, and not the other way around. Let a bipartisan group do it.† In the end, though, most cases of gerrymandering are legal.   Harmful Effects Gerrymandering  often leads to disproportionate politicians from one party being elected to office. And it creates districts of voters who are socioeconomically, racially or politically alike so that members of Congress are safe from potential challengers and, as a result, have little reason to compromise with their colleagues from the other party.   The process is marked by secrecy, self-dealing and backroom logrolling among elected officials. The public is largely shut out of the process, wrote  Erika L. Wood, the director of the Redistricting Representation Project at the Brennan Center for Justice at New York University School of Law. In the 2012 congressional elections, for example, Republicans won 53 percent of the popular vote but carried three out of four House seats in states where they oversaw redistricting. The same was true for Democrats. In states where they controlled the process of drawing congressional district boundaries, they captured seven out of 10 seats with only 56 percent of the popular vote. Any Laws Against It? The U.S. Supreme Court, ruling in 1964, called for a fair and equitable distribution of voters among congressional districts, but its ruling dealt mostly with the actual number of voters in each and whether they were rural or urban, not the partisan or racial makeup of each: Since the achieving of fair and effective representation for all citizens  is concededly the basic aim of legislative apportionment, we conclude that the Equal Protection Clause guarantees the opportunity for equal participation by all voters in the election of state legislators. Diluting the weight of votes because of place of residence impairs basic constitutional rights under the Fourteenth Amendment just as much as invidious discriminations based upon factors such as race  or economic status. The federal Voting Rights Act of 1965  took on the issue of using race as a factor in drawing congressional districts, saying it is illegal to deny minorities their constitutional right  Ã¢â‚¬Å"to participate in the political process and to elect representatives of their choice.† The law  was designed to end discrimination against black Americans, particularly those in the South after the Civil War. A state may take race into account as one of several factors when drawing district lines- but without a compelling reason, race cannot be the predominant reason for a district’s shape, according to the Brennan Center for Justice. The Supreme Court followed up in 2015 by saying states could form independent, nonpartisan commissions to redraw legislative and congressional boundaries. How It Happens Attempts to gerrymander happen only once a decade and soon after years ending in a zero. That’s because states are required by law to redraw all 435 congressional and legislative boundaries based on the decennial census every 10 years. The redistricting process begins soon after the U.S. Census Bureau completes its work and begins sending data back to the states. Redistricting must be completed in time for the 2012 elections. Redistricting is one of the most important processes in American politics. The way congressional and legislative boundaries are drawn determines who wins federal and state elections, and ultimately which political party holds the power in making crucial policy decisions. Gerrymandering is not hard,  Sam Wang, the founder of Princeton Universitys Election Consortium, wrote in 2012. He continued: The core technique is to jam voters likely to favor your opponents into a few throwaway districts where the other side will win lopsided victories, a strategy known as packing. Arrange other boundaries to win close victories, cracking opposition groups into many districts. Examples The most concerted effort to redraw political boundaries to benefit a political party in modern history happened after the 2010 census. The project, orchestrated by Republicans using sophisticated software and about $30 million, was called  REDMAP, for Redistricting Majority Project. The program began with successful efforts to regain majorities in key states including  Pennsylvania, Ohio, Michigan, North Carolina, Florida, and Wisconsin. Republican strategist Karl Rove wrote in The Wall Street Journal before the midterm elections in 2010: The political world is fixated on whether this years elections will deliver an epic rebuke of President Barack Obama and his party. If that happens, it could end up costing Democrats congressional seats for a decade to come. He was right. The Republican victories in statehouses across the country allowed the GOP in those states to then control the redistricting process taking effect in 2012 and shape congressional races, and ultimately policy, until the next census in 2020.   Who is Responsible? Both major political parties are responsible for the misshapen legislative and congressional districts in the United States. In most cases, the process of drawing congressional and legislative boundaries is left to state legislatures. Some states impanel special commissions. Some redistricting commissions are expected to resist political influence and act independently from the parties and the elected officials in that state. But not all. Here’s a breakdown of who is responsible for redistricting in each state: State legislatures: In 30 states, the elected state lawmakers are responsible for drawing their own legislative districts and in 31 states the boundaries for the congressional districts in their states, according to the Brennan Center for Justice at New York University’s School of Law. The governors in most of those states have the authority to veto the plans. The states that allow their legislatures to perform the redistricting are: AlabamaDelaware (Legislative districts only)FloridaGeorgiaIllinoisIndianaKansasKentuckyLouisianaMaine (Congressional districts only)MarylandMassachusettsMinnesotaMissouri (Congressional districts only)North CarolinaNorth Dakota (Legislative districts only)NebraskaNew HampshireNew MexicoNevadaOklahomaOregonRhode IslandSouth CarolinaSouth Dakota (Legislative districts only)TennesseeTexasUtahVirginiaWest VirginiaWisconsinWyoming (Legislative districts only) Independent commissions: These apolitical panels are used in four states to redraw legislative districts. To keep politics and the potential for gerrymandering out of the process, state lawmakers and public officials are prohibited from serving on the commissions. Some states also prohibit legislative staffers and lobbyists, as well. The four states that employ independent commissions are: ArizonaCaliforniaColoradoMichigan Advisory commissions: Four states use and advisory commission consisting of a mix of legislators and non-legislators to draw up congressional maps that are then presented to the legislature for a vote. Six states use advisory commissions to draw state legislative districts. The states that use advisory commissions are: ConnecticutIowaMaine (Legislative districts only)New YorkUtahVermont (Legislative districts only) Politician commissions: Ten states create panels made up of state lawmakers and other elected officials to redraw their own legislative boundaries. While these states take redistricting out of the hands of the entire legislature, the process is highly political, or partisan, and often results in gerrymandering districts. The 10 states that use politician commissions are: Alaska (Legislative districts only)Arkansas (Legislative districts only)HawaiiIdahoMissouriMontana (Legislative districts only)New JerseyOhio (Legislative districts only)Pennsylvania (Legislative districts only)Washington Why Is It Called Gerrymandering? The term gerrymander is derived from the name of a Massachusetts governor in the early 1800s, Elbridge Gerry. Charles Ledyard Norton, writing in the 1890 book  Political Americanisms, blamed Gerry for signing into a law a bill in 1811 readjusting the representative districts so as to favor the Democrats and weaken the Federalists, although the last named party polled nearly two-thirds of the votes cast. Norton explained the emergence of the epithet gerrymander this way: A fancied resemblance of a map of the districts thus treated led [Gilbert] Stuart, the painter, to add a few lines with his pencil, and to say to Mr. [Benjamin] Russell, editor of the Boston Centinel, That will do for a salamander. Russell glanced at it: Salamander! said he, Call it a Gerrymander! The epithet took at once and became a Federalist war-cry, the map caricature being published as a campaign document. The late William Safire, a political columnist and linguist for  The New York Times, made note of the words pronunciation in his 1968 book  Safires New Political Dictionary: Gerrys name was pronounced with a hard  g; but because of the similarity of the word with jerrybuilt (meaning rickety, no connection with gerrymander) the letter  g  is pronounced as  j.

Management of Human Resources (MBA) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Management of Human Resources (MBA) - Essay Example Building rentals accounted for 1.8% of sales in the late 1970's. This was the lowest level for major discounters. Additional building rentals of Wal-Mart took it up by only 0.1%. Wal-Mart was able to keep it's cost of goods as low as possible. It had a centralized purchasing network, and therefore purchased in bulk. It also had distribution centers and a good distribution network that ensured it's stores always had a consistent supply of stock. These steps further reduced cost greatly. Wal-Mart had Goodwill in cities where it was established because of their promotional strategy which was tailored by it's philosophy of "Everyday low prices". It had a high sales turnover and spent just 1.1% of it's net sales in the second half of the 1970's. Costs were greatly reduced here too. Wal-Mart undertook capital investments to improve labor productivity. Salaries and wage expense had declined to 10.1% of sales by 1985. This reduced cost, however employee incentives, like profit sharing were enabled to ensure employee satisfaction. Their employees put in their best to satisfy Wal-Mart customers in return. Cost is minimized as much as possible, allowing for continuous reduction in prices of commodities. The reduction in prices led to increased sales and a high rate of turnover, hence increased profits and more operating income for expansion and performance. How does Wal-Mart have superior profitability Exhibit 2 (page 10) is a financial performance that compares Wal-Mart's performance with that of it's competitors from 1974 to1984 in (%) 2. Wal-Mart has superior profitability because of the high percentage of sales. It was very competitive in terms of prices, Wal-Mart was able to sell at very low prices governed by it's philosophy of "Everyday low prices". It ran a lot of promotional sales and was able to balance this with a low cost profile. Increased sales brought in more profit, Wal-Mart had the highest return on equity of 33.0%, sales growth of 40.3% and earnings per share growth of 38.8%. How do Wal-Mart's retail prices compare to those of it's competitors Wal-Mart was very competitive in terms of prices. The store managers had the liberty to set prices as compared to their counterparts that didn't have. This latitude in price setting enabled prices to be set uniquely to a particular location, while having the overall objective of the organization in mind. In a comparism by Sachs in late 1983 and early 1983 on a location

Management Control Systems Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Management Control Systems - Case Study Example The monetary measure becomes a common measure that is understood by all functions of the organisation. Also, profitability measure is essential to the success of all organisations. Thus, management monitors performance in terms of monetary value. Most especially, financial results provide a mechanism to suggest whether the business strategies implemented by an organisation benefited them. (Kimmel, Weygandt, & Kisco, 2000) This paper focuses on the management control systems established and implemented by a banking institution - Grameen Bank. Grameen Bank is a non-traditional bank that surpasses conventional banking practices of its contemporaries. In view of this, the paper will illustrate the different performance measurements that the organisation established as well as create a performance evaluation of the organisation. Grameen Bank is a micro-credit organisation that had initiated lending to the rural poor and was very successful that they rise above the normal banking conventions. Muhammad Yunus founded the bank in order to help the poor people in his country. He envisioned create an organisation that would alleviate the poor from poverty. He created the bank because no other banks shared his vision. In his speech as a Nobel Peace Prize Awardee, Yunus started the bank as a home-grown project that was run with the help of his students. Now, the Grameen Bank has increased in multitudes and the Grameen idea has spread around the world. Grameen-type programs are being implemented in almost every country. (Yunus, 2006) The target market of Grameen is the poorest of the poor in Bangladesh and most of their customers are responsible women of the poor families. Yunus developed a lending methodology where loans are paid in miniature weekly payments. The purpose of micro-credit lending is to detect problems early and increase borrowers' confidence. The objectives of the Grameen Bank are to extend the banking facilities to the poor people without collaterals but instead of mutual trust, accountability, participation and creativity. The organisation aims to become an enabler for the unutilized and underutilized manpower to create opportunities for self-employment. (Grameen Bank, 2009) Management control systems According to Kaplan & Norton (1996), what an organisation cannot measure, the organisation cannot manage. In order for an organisation to be successful in its business, they must know what to look at or the indicators that show the health of the organisation. It is part of the role of management to create strategies for the organisation in order sustain their existence as well as grow in their business environment. It is the nature of management to have control over the organisation. It is the function of management to define various measures to safeguard its assets; check the reliability and accuracy of accounting information; ensure compliance with management policies; and evaluate operating performance and efficiency. Without control, the people in the organisation will be functioning in chaos and without direction. Management control is one of the reasons that an organisation would look professional, systematic and trustworthy, inside and out. A management control

An Assessment Of Human Resource Information System Information Technology Essay

An Assessment Of Human Resource Information System Information Technology Essay Nowadays, we are in a highly dynamic and competitive business globe. Hencea key person or top management of any organization tries to earn a larger share of the existing market. In such an environment, Information Technology (referred to henceforth as IT) and Information Systems (referred to henceforth as IS) would sharpen the business process and smooth the functions of the day-to-day operations. Although there are number of software or ISs are available in an organization, Human Resources Information System (referred to henceforth as HRIS) is the only system which takes care of human capital of the organization. Therefore, it is very important to have an effective and efficient HRIS and it should be maintained properly. Especially, infrastructure of the telecommunication organizations should be consisted with innovative technologies to cater quality service through their satisfied staff. Human Resources (referred to henceforth as HR) Department should pay more attention to achieve the desires of internal customers such as employees, middle managers and senior managers. According to the pilot survey, nearly all the employees in Sri Lanka Telecom PLC are using HIRS which has been implemented island wide. Existing users are facinga lot of system issues such as outdated, incorrect, inconsistent data, less reliability and user-friendliness, low performance, insufficient user training and most importantly poor contribution in making decisions. Theseissues mightheavily affectthe companys HR functions. The main objectives of this study are to assess the effectiveness of existing HRIS implemented in Sri Lanka Telecom PLC and identify its implications, advantages of introducing Online Performance Appraisal System (referred to henceforth as OPAS) to support the Strategic Human Resource Management (referred to henceforth as SHRM) in same organization context. To achieve the above objectives, the researcher has to address different aspects and various categories of employees and all managerial and technical difficulties in using the system, user trainings, inaccuracy of data, and use of web base sub sets of HRIS, etc. Conceptual Background Main focus of this section is to describe the main concepts which would be used in the entire research study. What isHuman Resource Information Systems? Tannenbaum(1990, p. 27) defines that Human Resource Information System is the system used to acquire, store, manipulate, analyze, retrieve and distribute related information regarding an organizations human resources.Nowadays, HRIS functionality includes corporate communication, recruitment, selection, training, employee opinion survey, compensation, payroll services and employee verification as well as general information (NgaiWat 2006). Same time HRIS assists HR professionals to focus on human capital analysis, but simply having more information does not automatically lead to a better analysis (Roehling et al. 2005). HRIS is an important tool for many businesses. Even the small office needs to realize the benefits of using HRIS to be more efficient. Normally,HR system should provide the capability to plan, control and manage HR costs more effectively; achieve improved efficiency and quality in HR decision making; and improve employee and managerial productivity and effectiveness. They also provide centralized location for company policies, announcements, and links to external URLs, reliable communication processes and save paper by providing an easy-access. There are two types of IS for HR Professional. The software available as web-based and desktop based. More popular some HRIS modules are: Recruitment Attendance and Leave Organization charts Employee self-service (Employees can update personal information and view benefits selections, absence transactions and payroll information) Automatic alerts Benefits Administration (Save paper and postage, take weeks off the benefits open enrollment period, reduce administration time, and improve data accuracy) Training and developments What is Human Resources management? Human Resources management is the process of managing human capital in organizations in a systematic and structured manner. This covers the job analyses, planning, recruiting the right people for the job in right time, managing wages and salaries, providing benefits and incentives, training and development, performance evaluation, resolving disputes, and communicating with all employees within the organization. What is the Performance Appraisal System? The Performance Appraisal System (referred to henceforth as PAS) is a software program which provides the facility to evaluate an individual employees performance and productivity link with objectives of the organization and pre-defined criteria in systematic way. Generally, performance appraisal interview is conducted once a year. Some companies have implemented mid-year review to monitor the progress of achieving individual targets. In the process of PA interviewing supervisor provides feed back to the employees, recommend trainings, and discuss compensation, disciplinary decisions, or job status. Performance management systems would align and manage organizations resources in order to achieve corporate goals through highest possible performance. What is the Strategic Human Resource Management? The strategic human resource management is relationship of strategic goals and objectives of the organization, with human resources in order to increase productivity, flexibility, to develop organizational culture and competitive advantage. HSRM involves as a strategic SHRM partner to achieve corporate goals through human resources functions such as employee selection, recruitment, carrier development, benefit management, etc. Main features of SHRM: There is a precise relationship with overall organizational strategic goals and HR policies and practices. HR management delegates much of their responsibilities down the line. There are some organizing schemas linking individual HR interventions mutually supportive. Contextual Background This section covers the current context of the research study in brief. A pilot survey was conducted to identify the contextual background of the Sri Lanka Telecoms (referred to henceforth as SLT) HRIS and used a semi-structured interview guide line to interview six senior managers who are attached to the HR group and other user group who are involving implementation and currently using the HRIS. Through the pilot survey the researcher has identified the problems of the context. Furthermore, SLT Annual reports were referred to in order to identify their policies and practices and also Telecom Management Information System (hereinafter referred as TMIS) documents such as user guides, architecture, diagrams were referred. At present,Sri Lanka Telecom is the leading Telecommunications Service Provider in Sri Lanka. For the first time SLT introduced a HRIS in year 2000 through a local company. It included very basic HR functions and facilitated simple operations. However in year 2005 the system was upgraded and currently using new version which has many automated HR processes keeping up-to- date employee records such as payroll, Attendance, personal information, training and development, benefit management, etc. Chief Officer Human Resource (referred to henceforth as CHRO) of Sri Lanka Telecom stated that SLT had spent around 30 Million LKR for Telecom Management Information System to upgrade the entire HR system in 2005. Although, SLT is paying approximately 1.5 million LKR for the annual maintenance of HRIS there are some technical and managerial issues available. Most of the users who are using existing system face lot of -issues such as out dated, incorrect, inconsistent, information less reliability and user-friendliness, low performance, insufficient user training and especially poor contribution in decision making. Human Recourse activities are very important for any organization to carry out their day to day business activities. As displaying in Figure 1.1, there are twenty sub modules are available in TMIS and it starts from employee recruitment to termination.HR processes include HR planning, exam assessment information, recruitment, Employee Information Manager, transfers, promotions, payroll, bonus, training development, attendance leave, disciplinary, welfare benefit management (e.g. loan, housing loan, medical reimbursement, circuit bungalow reservations, quarters allocation). Module Overview of the Telecom Management Information System C:UsersSLTUSERDesktopTMIS Diagrams.jpg Figure 1.1.HRM Enterprise Module Overview.Reprinted from TMISV2 System Architecture Document (p.11), by Hsenid Business Solutions,2005. Reprinted with permission. Research Issue Although, Sri Lanka Telecom PLC has been using the existing Human Resources Information System for the last decade, there is no sufficient improvement in human resource management and it does not support the strategic decision making. Furthermore, manual performance appraisal stem is not contributed to the strategic human resource management effectively and efficiently. Purpose of the research The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of existing Human Resource Information System implemented in Sri Lanka Telecom Public Listed Company (referred to henceforth as PLC)and to understand weather existing sub systems and web-based applications are supported to the strategic human resource management adequately. Especially HRIS should be contributed to the decision making in human resource management. Outcome of this research would contribute to the body of knowledge by filling existing gap in strategic human resource management of HRIS at SLT studies by analyzing senior HR mangers, middle HR mangers and senior officers of other user groups who are engaged in human resources group as well as Human resources information system. This study would determine the advantages of online performance appraisal system further for strategic human resource management at Sri Lanka Telecom PLC. Significance of the Study All employees are using SLT HIRS in their day-to-day activities to fulfill various individual, operational and managerial requirements. Currently, SLT has implemented the HR system island wide (All groups, divisions in head office and regional offices). Most of the users who are using existing system face lot of issues such as out dated, incorrect, inconsistent data, less reliability and user-friendliness, low performance, insufficient user training and most importantly poor contribution in making decisions. which might affect the operations relating to the HR matters such as salary, overtime (OT) and Bata payments, maintaining employee master records, attendance, leave and benefit management (Issuing loan, medical reimbursement, etc..)etc. Therefore, it is necessary to have an assessment of all subject modules in existing HRIS and identify the advantages of automating the performance appraisal system (referred to henceforth as PAS). We have to gather ideas from different aspects, and various categories of employees including senior managers. All managerial and technical difficulties in using HRIS, training requirements, inaccuracy of data, barriers to maintain up to date records, use of web base sub system, etc., need to be addressed. It is also necessary to assess existing HRIS and its relevance to the strategic human resource management in line with the organizational HR goals. Objectives and Research Questions Table 1.1 Objectives and Research Questions of the Study. Objectives Research Questions To identify the features of HRIS What is HRIS? What are the features of HRIS at SLT? To evaluate the existing HRIS for Strategic Human Resources Management (SHRM) How existing system is supported to strategic human resource management? How web-based applications are useful to strategic human resource management at SLT? To identify the advantages of Online Performance Appraisal System (OPAS) for Strategic Human Resources Management(SHRM) at SLT What is performance appraisal system? What are the advantages of online performance appraisal system for strategic human resource management at SLT? Note. Researchers work Research Method and Design Research approach The researcher uses deductive approach since general quantitative data would be moving to the particular situations of organizations. Time horizon Researcher gathered data one time interviewing from senior managers in a pilot survey and through e-mailing the research questionnaire to the sample group within the SLT. Therefore, time horizon is cross sectional. Population, Sample Sample Techniques All employees in SLT have been considered as population. Sampling process of the research is based on the stratified random sampling technique. Data collection methods and procedures 1. Semi-structured interviews Six interviews were conducted with senior managers in SLT based on semi-structured interview guide line. 2. Questionnaire Research questionnaire was designed using the liker scale method and e-mailed to the sample group. 3. Journal articles and work papers Journal articles and work papers were used to find out more information on previous research work relevant to HRIS, HRM, PAS and SHRM. 4. SLT annual reports and TMIS documents Annual reports and TMIS documents were referred. Internet / web sites Refer online journal articles, text books, etc. Scope of the study / Delimitations Existing HRIS contains twenty separate modules to provide HR practices such as Human Resource Planning, Recruitment and Selection, Training and Development, Time and Attendance, Disciplinary, Payroll, Welfare and Performance Appraisal, etc. SLT HRIS is same as traditional HR services which provided conventional HR systems in other organizations. Four out of twenty modules (Recruitment, HR Planning, Exam Assessment and Disciplinary) are not being using and Performance Appraisal module is not yet implemented. In this study, researcher hopes to evaluate the existing HRIS and its usefulness for strategic human resource management and identifies the advantages of sophisticated On-line Performance Appraisal System which will improve the strategic human resources management at SLT. Organization of this dissertation Chapter 1: Introduction -This chapter contains the background of this study, research issue, significance of the study and its objectives. Literature survey would be discussed under chapter 2 which include spats studies and their findings. It also highlights the existing gaps in body of knowledge and discovers the potential contribution of the current research to fill the gap. Mainly, chapter 3 explains the Research Methodology of the study which includes research philosophy, approach, strategy and conceptual framework of this research. Conceptual framework is developed identifying context of the study. Furthermore, select the suitable statistical methods to analyze the data. The researcher elaborate the results and present using appropriate graphs, charts and tables using statistical software packages would be consider in Chapter 4 called Data Analysis. Chapter 5: Discussion, Conclusions and Recommendations Point out the observations, findings of this study and highlights the future researches for the potential researchers. Chapter Conclusion This section briefs the facts of the entire research study. Present business world is very competitive and running with the state-of-the-art technology. Many organizations use Information Systems in four levels (strategic level, management level, knowledge level and operational level) in their day-to-day operations. HR Department uses HRIS for the workforce management. However Human Resource Information System implemented in Sri Lanka Telecom PLC has lot of issues, such as insufficient user training and less supportive for the decision making at each organizational level. Therefore, main objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of existing Human Resource Information System in SLT and its usefulness for Strategic Human Resource Management to identify the advantages of Online Performance Appraisal System which will advance the Strategic Human Resources Management at SLT. Outcome of this research would contribute to the body of knowledge by filling existing gap in strategic human resource management of HRIS at Sri Lanka Telecom PLC.