Free Essays on Leonin

Leonin Leonin was born in Paris, France in the year 1135 AD (Estrella, 2004). He had such a musical influence to the pioneers of our medieval time period even after his death in the year 1201 AD (Estrella, 2004). Leonin was even considered one of the greatest musical minds in the history of Western Music. He received his well earned education at Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris. Eventually, he served as a canon (Estrella, 2004). He was a French composer as well as poet (Estrella, 2004). Though his significance came from his work with music, his poetry was also well recognized. Though very little is known about the life and details of Leonin, the impact he made in the music world has lasted for ages now. The only writings on Leonin from his earlier life time, came from a later student at the Cathedral known as Anonymous IV (Estrella, 2004). This person is supposed to be an Englishman who left a treatise on theory (Estrella, 2004). Anonymous IV mentions Leonin as the great composer of the Magnus liber (Estrella, 2004). One of Leonin’s greatest achievements was the creation of the Magnus liber organi (The Great Book of Organum). The Great Book of Organum, is a cycle of two-part Graduals, Alleluias, and responsories for the entire church year (Grout, p 77). Unfortunately, the Magnus liber does not exist in its original form (Grout, p 78). . There are manuscripts preserved in libraries at Florence, Wolfenbuttel, Madrid, and elsewhere (Grout, p 78). There is no knowledge of exactly how much of the Magnus liber Leonin composed (Grout, p 79). . Organum is the earliest form of medieval polyphonic music (Estrella, 2004). Before any of the works of Leonin, there is no evidence of any type of comprehensive rhythmic system (Estrella, 2004). Leonin improved organum by adding rhythmic structure to the tenor (Grout, p 79). This rhythmic system is based on six different rhythmic patterns known as rhythmic modes (Estrella, 2004).... Free Essays on Leonin Free Essays on Leonin Leonin Leonin was born in Paris, France in the year 1135 AD (Estrella, 2004). He had such a musical influence to the pioneers of our medieval time period even after his death in the year 1201 AD (Estrella, 2004). Leonin was even considered one of the greatest musical minds in the history of Western Music. He received his well earned education at Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris. Eventually, he served as a canon (Estrella, 2004). He was a French composer as well as poet (Estrella, 2004). Though his significance came from his work with music, his poetry was also well recognized. Though very little is known about the life and details of Leonin, the impact he made in the music world has lasted for ages now. The only writings on Leonin from his earlier life time, came from a later student at the Cathedral known as Anonymous IV (Estrella, 2004). This person is supposed to be an Englishman who left a treatise on theory (Estrella, 2004). Anonymous IV mentions Leonin as the great composer of the Magnus liber (Estrella, 2004). One of Leonin’s greatest achievements was the creation of the Magnus liber organi (The Great Book of Organum). The Great Book of Organum, is a cycle of two-part Graduals, Alleluias, and responsories for the entire church year (Grout, p 77). Unfortunately, the Magnus liber does not exist in its original form (Grout, p 78). . There are manuscripts preserved in libraries at Florence, Wolfenbuttel, Madrid, and elsewhere (Grout, p 78). There is no knowledge of exactly how much of the Magnus liber Leonin composed (Grout, p 79). . Organum is the earliest form of medieval polyphonic music (Estrella, 2004). Before any of the works of Leonin, there is no evidence of any type of comprehensive rhythmic system (Estrella, 2004). Leonin improved organum by adding rhythmic structure to the tenor (Grout, p 79). This rhythmic system is based on six different rhythmic patterns known as rhythmic modes (Estrella, 2004)....

We, the People and American Government Essay Example

We, the People and American Government Essay Example We, the People and American Government Essay We, the People and American Government Essay We the people are the government. A government is a protective body set up to protect the people from national and foreign threats. A government is like a scale, balancing the needs and the wants of the people. The government comes together to create laws that will benefit the people of their state or nation for the better. However, everyone has their own opinion on how to run the nation; the two most dominant political parties, Democratic and Republican Party, make this true. If there is a president, governor, mayor etc. who is in the opposite party from you, than you might disagree with how they run the government, which varies from person to person. The government should be involved with the everyday lives of the people mostly because the government is the people. I just don’t think it should be as involved in our lives than it is. For example, just because I own a laptop with a camera attached to it doesn’t mean it has to be tapped into to watch what Americans are doing. I understand the use of tracking cars by EZ pass to inform drivers of traffic. However taking away someone’s privacy isn’t the kind of involvement everyone wants. We take for granted some times what the government provides like safe water, meat that has passed inspection, or a simple sidewalk protecting us from oncoming traffic. The constitution sets up the government by making it by and for the people. The way the United States has an order of checks and balances makes the government so efficient because this makes sure that there is no one in power whose â€Å"head gets too big† for their position. The three branches of government allow multiple people to be in power at the same time making sure everyone does their job. This way it makes everyone voice heard in a way because each politician, president, judge has different views on how to run the nation. Citizenship describes a person with legal rights within a political order. Citizens have rights and

Journal (Answer All questions) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Journal (Answer All questions) - Essay Example Additionally, strategies may be considered as an art or craft tool owing to the fact that it is a tool applied at various managerial facets and it involves the formulation, instrumentation and the examination of various processes geared towards achieving certain goals (Johnson et al, 2011). Intended strategy applies to myriad organizational dimensions; it involves undertaking deliberate planning and execution of the planned courses of actions. In some occasions it may also be referred as deliberate strategy for instance humanitarian organization may formulate tools that will enable them deliver specific forms of assistance to victims of a disaster or industries may develop tools that will enable them fit in a competitive market. Tools used in intended strategy may include; objectives, visions as well as the application of a SWOT analysis process to enhance the achievement of a desired goal (Cooper, 2007). On the other hand, emergent strategies encompass a framework of actions that are formulated over time in the process of implementing organizational plans without intended missions, objectives as well as visions. According to Mintzberg, it is described as ‘a realized pattern that was not intended’. For instance; an organization may realize certain imperative actions that may develop in the process of their operation which may also facilitate the achievement of their goals. The learning school strategy is among the ten schools of strategy; it is based on the idea that strategy is a tool that develops in the process of acquiring new ideas and skills concerning various organizational facets. For instance; an organization may be faced by various challenges in the process of its operation however, new ideas may emerge in the process that may assist in creating a solution to the problem (Bhatt, 2005). The other school of strategy is the position strategy that was developed by

Leadership Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Leadership - Research Paper Example intelligent guidance that an exceptional leader can provide, the employees and shareholders are motivated towards achieving the goals which management sets out. Likewise, when low standards are set, the employees will not strive to go above and beyond because little is expected of them. As such, expectation has a great deal to do with the differences between good and exceptional leadership. A good manager gets the job done according to schedule, according to the metrics assigned, and follows an ethical process in order to achieve these goals. A great leader not only meets and fulfills the assignment requirements, but inspires his/her employees to such a degree that they are able to accomplish more and greater feats than they previously believed possible. This instillation of belief and success within the team, coupled with the previously mentioned timeliness and ethics, is what powerfully sets apart a great leader from merely a good manager. In regards to question three and the choice offered by two differing styles of management, I would be hesitant to pursue the job with the charismatic leader and would be more drawn to the job of a transformational leader. The reason for this is the fact that I have personally witnessed too many charismatic leaders whose own unique viewpoints ran against the grain of the culture or against the wishes of more senior leadership. Even though these â€Å"rogue† and charismatic leaders sometimes have exceptionally good ideas and ingenious ways to present them and to motivate the employees who work for them, the issue is that at the end of the day, the employee is judged by the quality of the management that represents him/her. If this management is seen as a free spirit, one who is not necessarily a team player, and one who is often so charismatic as to not ascribe to the company culture, the employee’s value within the firm is diminished and as such his/her job security com es into question. Schachter, H. (2012, August

Should the Government ban smoking Essay Example for Free

Should the Government ban smoking Essay The hazards of smoking have become very clear in the last few years and the public has started working towards changing societal norms associated with smoking. Awareness about second hand smoking has also risen considerably and efforts are being made to protect residents from it. However, communities alone cannot bring such a drastic change. The government needs to play a key role in protecting the health of its citizens by introducing various laws and legislation that will discourage smoking. Firstly, smoking needs to be discouraged because various researches and studies have proven that passive smoking has killed 35,000 to 40,000 people per year in the United States alone in the early 1980’s. These passive smokers also put up with an immeasurable cost of lower quality of life and a shorter life span. Tobacco can be blamed for more deaths of Americans each year as compared to deaths caused by alcohol, cocaine, crack, heroin, homicide, suicide, car accidents, fires and aids combined. The combined loss of lives each year due to smoking was approximately equal to the lives lost in the World War II. Non-smokers living with smokers also suffer from an increased risk of death from heart attacks, strokes or heart diseases. Children are highly vulnerable to diseases caused by second-hand smoking. Children under the age of two years can develop chest infections, asthma and other respiratory problems due to second hand smoking. Secondly, smoking also costs the government millions of dollars in terms of smoking related treatment at government hospitals. Small and large businesses suffer from lost productivity because of the countless breaks and absenteeism of chain smokers. Cigarette smoking cost the U. S almost $52 billion in health expenses or time lost from work, about $221 per person, each year. Another disturbing consequence of smoking areS accidental fires resulting from smoking on public or private property. According to an estimate, 25% of residential fires were caused by smokers. It is a government priority to protect the nation’s health and safety. This can only be accomplished by raising taxes on cigarettes and making smoking a more expensive habit. The government can spend a portion of its budget on anti smoking campaigns or public service announcement. Guidance and counseling must be provided free of cost which can help people quit this disgusting habit. Smokers should be required to contribute to the cost of smoking related treatment. Above all, government should pass a resolution which forces restaurants, bars and clubs need to restrict smoking to particular areas only. Advertisement and television shows that promote the habit of smoking or make it look cool to teenagers need to be banned so that vulnerable teenagers, women and various minorities belonging to low income groups do not fall prey to smoking. This is the only way the government can promote a just, supportive, and productive environment which adds to the social and economic well-being of all Americans.

Nation of Islam in the Light of Elijah Muhammad Essay -- James Baldwin

Nation of Islam in the Light of Elijah Muhammad In 1961 James Baldwin met Elijah Muhammad, the leader of the Nation of Islam movement at the time. Baldwin’s experience within the Christian Church prior to his meeting with Elijah helped him analyze the Nation of Islam. This also allowed him to draw parallels between the Nation of Islam movement and the Christian Church. How James Baldwin understood the way the Christian Church worked, and a close look at the Nation of Islam, brings to light the credibility of organized religions. In 1930 Wallace D. Fard gave birth to the Nation of Islam movement. He began in Detroit going door to door preaching to black families about his remedy for their problems. He tried replacing their beliefs with his own, for solving their problems. Fard had three main ideas that laid the foundation for his â€Å"remedy†. He wanted black separatism, everyone to know that white men are evil (which was not hard for African Americans to believe since the idea already lived within their minds), and to show the inadequacy of Christianity to African Americans. During this period Fard recruited Elijah Poole, changed Elijah’s name to Elijah Muhammad and developed him into his Chief Minister. With the mysterious disappearance of Fard in 1934, Elijah took over the movement. Elijah was born in Sandersville, Georgia in 1897 as the seventh of twelve children. He barely finished the third grade before dropping out to work in the fields to help support his family (Muh ammad 1+). During his childhood Elijah witnessed a lynching right before his eyes; different accounts vary on whom he actually saw lynched. In Baldwin’s account in â€Å"Down at the Cross,† he says he saw his father lynched befo... ...1961 . Kihss, Peter. â€Å"Negro Extremist Groups Step Up Nationalist Drive.† New York Times. 2. ProQuest. New York Times (1857-Current file). New York, NY. 1 Mar. 1961 . Muhammad, Mother Tynetta. A Historical Look at the Honorable Elijah Muhammad. 1+. 28 March 1996. Nation of Islam. 10 March 2004. . Pement, Eric. â€Å"Louis Farrakhan and the Nation of Islam: Part One.† Cornerstone. 1997, vol. 26, issue 111, p. 10-16, 20. . Pement, Eric. â€Å"Louis Farrakhan and the Nation of Islam: Part Two.† Cornerstone. 1997, vol. 26, issue 112, p. 32-36, 38. . Pipes, Daniel. â€Å"How Elijah Muhammad Won.† Commentary. Jun. 2000, vol. 109 issue 6, p31, 6p. Academic Search Elite. EBSCOhost. .

Therapeutic Actions Of Gamma-Oryzanol As A Novel Food Supplement

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal disorder in which the individual experiences episodes of symptoms arising from the large intestines, without the presence of any definite disorder. It is characterized by the presence of a number of symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, discomfort, defective bowel habits, diarrhoea constipation, production of gas, distended abdomen, sensation of having evacuated incompletely, presence of mucous in the stools, etc. The symptoms tend to decrease when the individual passes stools and worsens when the individual consumes food.Several other non-specific symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, chest pain, increased urination, incomplete bladder evacuation, tiredness, malaise, etc, are also experienced. The incidences range from 7% to 17%, and the mean prevalence including undetected cases is 2. 9 to 6. 5%. The incidence is higher in females than males (61-68%). The findings seem to be similar in Australia, US and Europe. The incid ence according to the sub-types includes constipation type is 16%, diarrhoea type is 21% and alternate type is 63%. In America, one out of every five adults develops IRB, but the incidences seem to be greater (Tack, J. 006, 701-709). The exact cause for IBS is still not understood. The intestinal wall consists of several layers of muscles that propel the digested food from the stomach to the rectum. This takes place in a co-ordinated fashion, such that the relaxation and contraction of the muscles propel the food in the right direction. However, in IBB, the contractions are more forceful and prolonged causing several symptoms such as abdominal pain, production of gas, diarrhoea, etc. Sometimes, the contractions may be weak and very short, leading to the stools becoming hard and dry.As the disease is seen with higher incidences in certain families, potential genetic factors are also being suggested. Several factors such as alternations in the nerve control to the muscles, changes in the control of sensations to the muscles, intestinal dysbiosis, hormonal problems (because the symptoms tend to worsen around the menstrual period in women), etc. The symptoms may tend to worsen especially on consumption of certain foods (such as caffeine products or alcohol), stress, or certain illness (Mayo Clinic, 2005, Introduction, Causes & Risk Factors).Studies have shown that eating certain food substances and avoiding others may in fact help to lower the symptoms of IBS. Patients seeking dietary advice benefit a lot from consumption of a specific diet and avoidance of certain substances. Some patients may benefit from elimination of certain food substances and slow reintroduction into the diet. The individual should avoid consuming large amounts of food at one time. Instead, smaller doses should be consumed more often (NDDIC, 2006). Individuals with the diarrhoea subtype may have symptoms especially when they consume lactose or dairy products, excessive amounts of fruits or sorbitol.Individuals with the constipation subtype may experience symptoms whenever they avoid fibre and water in their diet, as the stools become hard and dry. Some individuals may experience symptoms of excessive gas production, bloating and flatulence, whenever they consume beans, cabbage, cauliflower or uncooked broccoli. Consumption of low to moderate amounts of fat in the diet may help to reduce the symptoms of IBB, because fat stimulates the intestinal sensations and motor activities (Mertz, H. R. , 2003). Although fibres lack the experimental data, it has been recommended as a therapy for individuals suffering from IRB.Fibres are carbohydrates that are not digestible, but can be broken down by certain bacteria present in the intestines. Fibres are of 2 types, namely, soluble fibre and insoluble fibres. The soluble fibres are present in several fruits such as citrus fruits, apples and beans, and also in certain vegetable such as psyllium. These soluble fibres dissolve in the water and form a gel-like substance. It helps to evacuate the stools, and thus can be utilised in both the diarrhoea and constipation subtypes. Psyllium supplements are also available in supplements.Insoluble fibres on the other hand, add bulk to the stools, make them softer and help it to be evacuated easily. They are present in wheat bread, bran and several vegetables (AAFP, 2006). So far, three placebo controlled studies have been performed on psyllium, but only one comprehensive trial has been completed. Psyllium helped to reduce the stool transit time, and also improved the easy, frequency and consistency of the stools, compared to placebo. However, side-effects may also develop including allergy, defective absorption after administration of certain drugs and obstruction of the intestines.Peppermint oil also showed some amount of benefit in IBS, by reducing smooth muscle contraction, and had a more superior effect compared to a placebo (Sheisenger, M. H. , 2006, Gastrointestina l Disorders Addressed by CAM Therapies). Bran received a lot of enthusiasm for use in IBS in the 1970’s and 1980’s. It was recommended routinely by the gastroenterologist. However, RCT’s show only limited benefits. When administered to 14 patients, the symptoms of pain, discomfort, elimination of mucous containing stools, had decreased, compared to those not being administered a high fibre diet.In another RCT, bran tablets and placebo tablets were being administered to patients belonging to 2 groups. Constipation had reduced in the case group. Some individual may not tolerate bran and may instead benefit from consuming whole wheat bread (Bouchier, A. , 1984, 872-873). Some individuals may give complaints of gas production and bloating whenever they consume a diet rich in fibres. This usually occurs when the fibre content is food is suddenly being increased. Such symptoms are usually temporary and slowly reduce, as the individual gets used to the higher fibre con tent in the diet.The individual should eat a high fibre diet by consuming a variety of foods. Fibre supplements including Metamucil or Citrucel should be consumed gradually, along with plenty of water (NDDIC, 2006). Studies have shown that individuals developing pain may also benefit from high fibre content as they tends to keep the intestines mildly distended. In this way, stools can be emitted painlessly. The fibre content should be increased by 2 to 3 grams a day. Besides, increasing the fibre content, the individual should also consume large quantities of water a day, as it helps to reduce both diarrhoea and constipation.Six to eight glasses of water should be consumed in a day. The individual should avoid sodas, as they increase the gas production and cause a lot of discomfort (NDDIC, 2006). Excessive amounts of fat and caffeine can cause the intestines to contract excessively resulting in development of severe abdominal cramps. Others foods such as alcohol, chewing gum, and co coa should also be avoided. Chewing gum may increase the intake of air into the digestive tract. The individual should have an idea of the foods that cause problem, and should hence avoid them after discussing with the physician (AAFP, 2006).Probiotics are food supplements that contain microorganisms which are potentially beneficial for health. These substances ensure that the gut is being colonised by friendly organisms. In the early part of the 20th century, Metchinkoff discovered that certain bacterium when consumed in the form of foods such as yoghurt could help improve the micro-flora present in the intestines. Studies conducted in individuals suffering from demonstrated that such patients generate large quantities of hydrogen gas and volatile short-chain fatty acids, suggesting a disturbance in the gut microflora (P&G Health Sciences Institute, 2005).RCT’s conducted on individuals with IBS consuming Lactobacillus plantarum showed that several symptoms such as abdominal discomfort and flatulence were relieved. Probiotics adjust the intestinal microflora to a more health state. Many researchers feel that IBS may be caused due to significant changes in the intestinal microflora. Another study showed that individuals with IBS having their intestinal microflora removed through colonic lavage and having microflora inserted from a healthy donor benefited with a reduction in the symptoms.Streptococcus faecium (brand name Pareghurt) contained in freeze-dried cultures help to improve the symptoms in about 81% of the patients. Studies may not show significant benefits of alternative therapies, but some amount of advantages can be obtained (Hasler, W. L. , 1999, 1900). Probiotics administered in the form of Bifidobacterium infantilis, Lactobacillus plantarum and VSL # (a combination of micoorganisms), seemed to produce prominent effects, although they seemed to vary from one individuals to another.This may be due to variations in the dose, presence of ineffec tive bacteria, or other factors (Tallej, N. J. , 2006). Probiotics are also effective in reducing diarrhoea. Previous meta-analysis conducted with Lactobacillus strains have demonstrated that probioitcs help to reduce diarrhoea following administration of antibiotics. Another trial conducted utilising a different bacteria (S. boulardii) showed that the bacteria contained an enzyme which helped to destroy a toxin secreted by another microorganism that caused diarrhoea (Sheisenger, M. H. 2006, Gastrointestinal Disorders Addressed by CAM Therapies).Some of the probiotics available in the market today contain different strains of lactobacillus bacteria. These strains colonise different areas of the intestinal mucosa, encourage synthesis of several vitamins required by the body, prevent the disease-causing microorganisms from colonising the gut and also helps in the digestion of food (as these bacteria contain beneficial enzymes). Some bacteria such as Bifidobaceria additionally help in metabolism of bile acids (P&G Health Sciences Institute, 2005).Probiotics do seem to be very useful when consumed often as a supplement in IBS as such individuals may have a disturbed intestinal microflora. However, further studies need to be conducted until more consistent results are being obtained. At present the results obtained from studies are inconsistent, because the factors that could be playing an important role in the manner in which these probiotics act are not clearly understood. Gamma-oryzanol is a steryl ferulates mixture obtained from brown rice bran oil.It has a number of beneficial activities in the body, and especially has very good antioxidant effect. The oil is also being utilised in sunscreen. The oil acts as an organic radical scavenger which was able to reduce oxidation of lipids. Several tests conducted in the laboratory using several scavenging systems such as scavenging DPHH radical, and OH or O2- scavenging radicals have demonstrated the antioxidant prope rties of gamma-oryzanol. Oxidation acceleration tests were being performed to compare the effect of gamma-oryzanol with other antioxidants such as BHA and BHT.The antioxidant properties of gamma-oryzanol may be attributed to the presence of large amounts of PUFA. Small quantities of gamma-oryzanol added to other oils helps to prevent lipid oxidation (Juliano C. , 2005, 146-154). Studies conducted on the on gamma-oryzanol demonstrate that it may beneficial to reduce any disturbance in the functioning of the autonomic nervous system. Stress-related ulcers were reduced to some extent in animal administered gamma-oryzanol (Itaya, K. et al, 1976, 474-481).Studies have also demonstrated that gamma-oryzanol produces a stimulating and as well as a inhibiting effect on the movements of the gastric and ileal mucosa. This is produced due to the effect of gamma-oryzanol on the central nervous system (Mizonishi, T. , 1980, 47-55). Due to the mucosa-protective function, anti-oxidant effect, and c ontrol over bowel movements, gamma-oryzanol, has shown some beneficial effect in helping to reduce the symptoms of IBS. However, detailed human studies need to be conducted in order to determine the precise effect that gamma-oryzanol can produce.

James Bond

Hello Sandeep, sorry I couldn't make it there yesterday, but I was not feeling well. For Monday: read Act 2 of Othello answer the study questions for Act 1 (they start with # 11, I don't know why! ) We'll look at the Act 2 questions during class Art: draw 2 faces following the instructions on this webpage: http://www. wikihow. com/Draw-a-Face it's a lot like the other website, but also a little different, so you'll get some different ideas on how to do this. STUDY QUESTIONS FOR OTHELLO Act I, Scene1 11. In Act I, scene 1 why does Iago say he hates Othello?What are all the charges he makes against the general? 12. Why does Roderigo hate Othello? 13. Why is the speech by Iago, lines 38 – 62, important in explaining what happens later? 14. Why should Roderigo pay particular attention to Iago's speech? 15. In Act I, scene 1, what is Iago's master plot to annoy Othello and Desdamona? 16. Find all the examples in I, 1, of Iago referring to the sex in terms of animals. 17. Find all t he references in I, 1 of Othello as a devil. Find Iago's use of â€Å"taboo words. † 18. Explain the contrast in the way Iago speaks to Brabantio and the way Roderigo speaks to him. 19.How does Brabantio's attitude toward Roderigo change in the course of this scene? 20. What is Brabantio's explanation of why his daughter has run off with Othello? 21. Why does this scene begin in the middle of a conversation? Act I, Scene 2 22. Who does Iago tell Othello badmouthed him to Brabantio? 23. Everyone says Othello is lucky to wed the daughter of the rich Brabantio, except Othello. Why is he not impressed? 24. Explain what happens between Iago and Cassio in the short time Othello is off stage in the Sagittary (lines 47 – 52) 25. List all of the negative comments or words Brabantio uses to describe Othello. 6. How does Othello react to the provocation of Brabantio's attack? 27. Find five places in I, 2 where Othello exercises authority. Act I, Scene 3 28. At the beginning of I, 3 what do the duke and the council of Venice determine the Turks' military objective to be? How does this relate to what happens later? 29. What is effective in Othello's first speech of justification (lines 76 – 94)? 30. Explain how the relationship between Othello and Desdamona began. Who first initiated the idea of love? 31. How do we know Othello's second speech of justification (lines 127 – 169) was effective? 32.What makes the second speech of justification effective as a piece of language? 33. Why is Desdamona's response to her father's question at lines 176 – 178 especially effective? 34. In this scene what does Desdamona tell us attracted her to Othello? What attracted her to him? 35. How does Desdamona argue that she should be allowed to accompany her husband to Cyprus? 36. What assurances does Othello offer the Council that he will take care of business, even if his wife is with him? 37. Explain Iago's â€Å"parable of the garden† (lines 314 à ¢â‚¬â€œ 327). 38. Find all Iago's uses of the word â€Å"love† in this scene.What's unusual about them? 39. How does Iago manipulate Roderigo in the lines 329 – 370? 40. What is the â€Å"real reason† Iago hates Othello? 41. Why is Cassio a particularly handy scapegoat for Iago's plot? Act II, Scene 1 42. Describe how Cassio acts when he lands at Cyprus, especially when Desdemona comes ashore. (II, 1, lines 42 — 97) 43. Why does Iago verbally attack his wife at II, 1, lines 99 — 110? 44. According to Iago what is all the most accomplished woman in the world is good for? (II, 1, lines 146 — 158) 45. Explain what Iago is talking about at II, 1, lines 165 — 175. 6. How does Iago convince Roderigo that Cassio is in love with Desdemona? (II, 1, ines 215 — 245) 47. What is ironic about Roderigo's response to this news at II, 1, lines 248 –249? 48. In Act I, 3 we hear how Othello's life story helped win the love of Desdemona. I n Act II, 1, lines 220 — 225 we learn Iago's reaction to the same story. What? 49. What has changed since I, 3, in Iago's explanation on why he wants revenge on Othello and others? (II, 1, lines 285 — 311) Why has it changed? Act II, Scene 2 50. In II, 2, lines 12 — 29, what is Iago trying to get Cassio to do? Why? 51.How does Iago's personality change from the way he's behaved in the past? Why the change? 52. What is unattractive about Cassio's behavior as a drunk? 53. How does Iago manipulate the gentlemen of Cyprus to object to Cassio's behavior? 54. Look at II, 2, lines 177 — 182. Why did Iago use those particular words? 55. What new aspect of Othello's personality do we see in II, 2, lines 201 — 215? 56. Describe how Iago, while apparently defending his friend Cassio actually encourages Othello to take action against him? (II, 2, lines 218 — 244) 57. Explain why Cassio reacts as he does at II, 2, lines 260 — 263? 8. Explain why I ago's advice at II, 2, 264 — 325 is a perfectly natural response? 59. In Iago's explanation of his revenge plot at II, 2, lines 333– 359 are there any new motives for his behavior? Act III, Scene 3 60. Is Desdemona's statement at III, 3, lines 20 — 27 surprising? How will it affect the outcome of the play? 61. Why does Desdemona push so hard for Cassio to get his job back? 62. Explain the passage at III, 1, lines 75 — 85. In what way are Othello and his wife operating at crossed purposes? 63. How does Iago manipulate Othello in the passage from line 93 — 123? 64.How many times does Othello demand to know Iago's thoughts (or some variation on that theme) in the passage of III, 3, lines 93 — 164? Why doesn't Iago answer him? 65. How does Iago manipulate Othello in the passage from line 124 — 176? (Where is the first mention of â€Å"cuckoldry† in this scene? 66. How does Othello appear to escape Iago's trap in the passage lines 1 76 — 192? 67. How does Iago manipulate Othello in lines 193 — 213? Why does Othello fall for the manipulation? 68. How does Iago manipulate Othello in lines 214 — 241? 69. At what point in the play does Iago know for sure that he's hooked Othello? 0. What are the reasons Othello believes Desdemona may have betrayed him? What does he decide to do about the betrayal? 71. Why does Emilia take Desdemona's handkerchief? What does that tell us about the relationship between Iago and his wife? 72. Why is Iago upset at Othello's reaction at lines 335 — 370? 73. How does Iago manipulate Othello at lines 371 — 423? 74. How does Iago manipulate Othello at lines 424 — 476? 75. In the sequence at III, 3, lines 330 — 370 how has Othello's attitude changed since we saw him last? 76. Explain why Othello threatens Iago at III, 3, lines 355 –379.How do you think Iago feels when he is threatened with violence? 77. Where did Iago's â€Å"dreamâ⠂¬  (III, 3, lines 407 — 423) come from? Why did Iago select the particular details that he chose? 78. How does the relationship between Iago and Othello change in the last 30 lines of the scene? How does Shakespeare physically show the shift in power? 79. What do you think may have been going through Iago's mind when he says, at line 472, â€Å"But let her live†? Act III, Scene 4 80. In Act III, 4, line 34, what does Othello mean by, â€Å"O, hardness to dissemble! â€Å"? 81. How does Emilia explain Othello's anger over the missing handkerchief?How effective a liar is Desdemona? 82. Is Othello's handkerchief really magic? Argue both â€Å"yes† and â€Å"no. † 83. How does Iago control the communications between Othello and all the other characters? Why does Desdemona excuse her husband's anger? 84. Who is Bianca and what's her problem? What similarities does she have with Othello? Act IV, Scene 1 85. In the first 30 lines of IV, 1, how has the relati onship between Iago and Othello changed since III, 3? 86. Why does Othello lose consciousness at IV, 1, lines 35 — 44? How does Iago explain what happened? Why? 87.Explain how Iago stages the dual, simultaneous manipulation of Cassio and Othello at IV, 1, lines 95 — 144. 88. Do you think Iago anticipated Bianca's appearance at line 145? How is he able to use her arrival to further his deception? 89. What's different about Othello's attitude toward Desdemona lines 178 — 210? What causes this change? 90. Explain what is happening in the sequence at IV, 1, lines 218 — 261? Why â€Å"goats and monkeys! † 91. How does Iago manipulate Lodovico in the last 20 lines of IV, 1? Act IV, Scene 2 92. What does Othello mean when he addresses Emilia at IV, 2, lines 27 — 30? 93.According to Othello what's the worst part of being a cuckold? 94. Where in Act IV, 2, does Desdemona finally start to fight back? Explain her physical reaction right after Othello l eaves at line 92. 95. Where in this scene does Emilia almost figure out what happened? Explain her husband's reaction to her speculations. 96. Who is the first person in the play to figure out Iago's duplicity? How is Iago able to manipulate this person, even after the truth is known? Act IV, Scene 3 97. What is the point of Act IV, 3? 98. Explain the difference between Desdemona's and Emilia's attitudes toward adultery. 9. Explain exactly how Iago manipulates every single person who appears in this scene. 100. Explain the significance of Iago's lines at IV, 3, lines 18 –20. 101. Why does Iago accuse Bianca of complicity in the attack on Cassio? How is he able to make the case against her? Act V, Scenes 1 & 2 102. Contrast V, 1 and V, 2 in terms of characters' motivations, actions, pace of the events, moral significance of the actions, etc. 103. Based on your sense of Act V, scene 2 (what happens and why it happens) argue that Iago wins the battle for Othello's soul. Then arg ue that Othello wins the battle.

Comparision Between The Metamorphosis and Siddhartha essays

Comparision Between The Metamorphosis and Siddhartha essays The Idea of Change in The Metamorphosis and Siddhartha Although The Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka and Siddhartha by Hermann Hesse are very different in approach, they both have a very significant similar theme, which is change. This change can also be called a transformation or a metamorphosis of the Self. Each character goes through different stages of the change, with each stage bringing them closer to their salvation. Thus, everything that the characters experience along their journeys is of importance. The necessity for change is more apparent in Siddhartha than in The Metamorphosis. However, both Gregor and Siddhartha must experience change and learn from their experiences before they are able to find the salvation that they desire. In the novella The Metamorphosis, Gregors life changes drastically, but it turns out to be the salvation he needs by the end. He undergoes a physical change that causes him to endure emotional changes as well. At the very beginning, the reader finds out that Gregor is not fond of his job and merely does it to take care of his family, because his fathers business failed years ago. This indicates that Gregor is trapped by his job because he feels an obligation to provide for his family. The metamorphosis into an insect suggests that this change is the only way for him to escape and be free, because as an insect he is not able to take care of his family. However, it turns out that he cannot escape this burden, because after the metamorphosis his family is disgusted by him and keeps him locked into his room, causing him to still be trapped. This signifies how they really feel about him. They feel that he is as useless as an insect, which causes him to sink deeper into his bug-lik e state. Though the physical change that Gregor endures is very abrupt, it causes him to go through another slower change. This change is him realizing that his family can take care of themselves with...

Jordan Surname Meaning and Origin

Jordan Surname Meaning and Origin The common surname Jordan  derived from the common Christian baptismal name Jordan,  taken from the river by that name flowing between the countries of Jordan and Israel. Jordan derives  from the Hebrew  Ã—™× ¨Ã—“ן (Yarden), meaning to descend or to flow down. Jordan is the 106th most common last name in America according to data from the 2000 U.S. census. ​Surname Origin: English, French, German, Spanish, Hungarian Alternate Surname Spellings:  Giordano (Italian), Jordann (Dutch), Jordn (Spanish), JORDÃÆ'O (Portuguese), JOURDAIN (French), GEORDAN, GERDAN, Giordan, Jordain, Jordaine, Jordanis, Jorden, Jordens, Jordin, Jourdaine, Jourdan, Jourdane, Jourden, Jurden, Jurdin, Jurdon, Siurdain, Yordan Famous People With the Surname JORDAN Michael Jordan - NBA basketball star.Barbara Jordan - civil rights activist and U.S. Representative.Louis Jordan - saxophonist and singer. Genealogy Resources for the Surname JORDAN The Jordan family DNA project consists of members with the Jordan surname from the USA, Canada, and Europe dedicated to discovering matches between participants that enable them to achieve their goals in genealogical research.   Explore the Jordan family genealogy forum at Genealogy.com for the Jordan surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or ask your own question about your Jordan ancestors. At  FamilySearch.org you can find records, queries, and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Jordan surname and its variations.RootsWeb hosts several free mailing lists for researchers of the Jordan surname available through their website. DistantCousin.com is a great place to access free databases and genealogy links for the last name Jordan. References Cottle, Basil. Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Menk, Lars. A Dictionary of German Jewish Surnames. Avotaynu, 2005. Beider, Alexander. A Dictionary of Jewish Surnames from Galicia. Avotaynu, 2004. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick. Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Smith, Elsdon C. American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

Reexamining illegal Immigration under the labelling theory Research Paper

Reexamining illegal Immigration under the labelling theory - Research Paper Example This is the current situation at hand. Conservative Americans say that the government has coddled illegal immigrants far too long, and given the current bleak state of the US economy, this is prejudicial to ordinary Americans citizens. Those of immigrant heritage, on the other hand, particularly the Latinos, call for less stringent immigration measures, and continue to go to the US to escape the poverty and desperation in their home countries. Immigration policies are hotly contested and draw divisive lines across the nation. The past quarter has seen the administration of Barack Obama extend a hand to immigrants and counter the anti-immigration wave in the United States. In a news report dated August 19, 2011 by the Los Angeles Times (2011, Internet), the Obama administration was reported to make a commitment to review the cases of 300,000 illegal immigrants who are on deportation trials, and determining what was labeled as â€Å"low-priority† offenders. This includes the eld erly, victims of crimes, and generally those who would otherwise make contributions to American society as upstanding citizens. The review was announced by Homeland Security Secretary Janet Napolitano. This was widely seen as an effort by Obama to reach out to Latinos who helped him in his candidacy. It is also to be noted that Obama had deported â€Å"393,000 people in the 2010 fiscal year, with an overall deportation record that far exceeds his predecessor, George Bush.† (Foley, 2011, Internet). In another immigrant-friendly move, the Obama administration was also reported to have filed a lawsuit to block Alabama’s immigration law, said to be the toughest anti-illegal immigration set of policies... The study notifies that President Obama has been subjected to a lot of criticism as a result of his gestures towards illegal immigrants. This is because the general perception against the illegal immigrant population remains to be negative. They are perceived to be deviants. Certainly, they are going against their law by virtue of the fact that they are in a country when it is not legally permissible for them to be in it. However, the manner with which they have been portrayed or caricaturized by media and by the public at large goes beyond violation of the law. Indeed, stereotypes and labels are attached to them. But how did the labeling of illegal immigrants happen? It is important to note that the process of labeling begins at the behest of a ‘moral entrepreneur’, who makes a claim that some behavior or action is wrong and then makes new rules or code of conduct in order to stop that behavior or action, and punish the actor. They package their efforts as a moral crusa de, but what really happens is that â€Å"they add to the power they derive from the legitimacy of their moral position the power they derive from their superior position in society". In illegal immigration in the United States, the moral entrepreneurs were those who expressed objections to the unfettered entry of Mexicans into American soil, a phenomenon made complicated by the fact that many of the wealthy and powerful took advantage of the cheap labor provided by these immigrants. Bustamante presented a fascinating description of the beginnings or root of this labeling of illegal immigrants:

Improvign quality through training and education Essay

Improvign quality through training and education - Essay Example ..6 Establishing a Corporate University†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦6 The Focus†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7 Conducting the Training and Education†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.8 The Delivery Method†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..9 Further Plans†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.10 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦11 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦12 Appendix A†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..13 Appendix B†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..14 Abstract The company must realize that another value adding practice is that of developing the human resource. By pursuing higher levels of training and education for its employees the company should put itself in the position of higher quality outputs. By being skilled and equipped to deal with the problems of the company, each employee will be able to share the burden of problem solving and identification that was once wrongly monopolized by the managerial positions. This will result to a swifter and more efficient workforce organization that will benefit the company in more ways than one. Also, by empowering the employees, the company allows them to share their vision and goals and hold them parallel to the mission and vision statements of the company. With everybody on board the plans and the shared vision for the future of the company, the whole organization will be much more unified and effective in matters of communicating and steering in the direction of business success and development. Establishing a corporate university is a way to do this. Although it will be costly on the initial stages, if the profit objectives are still met then such university, in essence, just also paid for itself and will continually have dividends in the longer run and in the future stability of the company. Improving Quality Through Training and Education Introduction Technology and advancements can dictate the pace and performance of a company, but it pales in comparison to the importance of a good manpower sector in an organization. Manpower is essential in all departments, businesses, and organizations for it functions as the brain and driving force of the whole system. Without well and proper-trained individuals to man the company, chances are strong that it will not be navigated in the right direction to achieve profit objectives, stability, and future sustainability. It is also important to empower employees for the betterment of the whole organiza tion internally. What must be understood is that the whole company must function as one in order to optimize its capabilities. By empowering employees, the management allows them to share the company’s vision and goals and also make it as their own. With a unified sight for what needs to be done, the whole organi